Historia De Rusia

The history of Russia begins with that of the Eastern Slavs.
The traditional beginning of Russian history is AD 862.
Kievan Rus', the first united Eastern Slavic state, was founded in 882.
The state adopted Christianity from the Byzantine Empire in 988, beginning with the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined the Slavic Orthodox culture for the next millennium.
The Kievan Rus eventually disintegrated as a state due to the Mongol invasions in 1237-1240 along with the death of approximately half of the Rus population as a result.
After the 13th century, Moscow became a cultural center for Muscovy.
In the eighteenth century, Russian tsarism had become the great Russian empire, stretching from eastern Poland to the east, towards the Pacific Ocean.
Expansion and imperialism in the western direction sharpened Russia's awareness of its separation from much of the rest of Europe and shattered the isolation in which the initial stages of expansion had occurred.
Successive 19th century regimes responded to such pressures with a combination of half-hearted reforms and repression.
Peasant revolts were common, and all were fiercely suppressed.
Russian serfdom was abolished in 1861, but the peasant did poorly and often resorted to revolutionary pressure.
In the following decades of reform efforts such as the Stolypin reforms, the 1906 constitution, and the State Duma attempted to open and liberalize the economy and the political system, but the tsars refused to renounce autocratic rule or share its power.
The Russian Revolution in 1917 was sparked by a combination of economic collapse, war fatigue, and discontent with the autocratic system of government, and first brought to power a coalition of moderate liberals and socialists, but its failed policies led to the seizure of power.
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by the Bolshevik Communists on October 25.
Between 1922 and 1991, the history of Russia is essentially the history of the Soviet Union, effectively an ideologically based state that was more or less with the Russian Empire before the Brest-Litovsk Treaty.
The approach to building socialism, however, varied at different periods in Soviet history, from the mixed economy and diverse society and culture of the 1920s to the managed economy and repressions of the Joseph Stalin era until the "era of stagnation" in the 1980s.
From its earliest years, government in the Soviet Union was based on the one-party government of the Communists, as the Bolsheviks were called, beginning in March 1918.
In the mid-1980s, with the weaknesses in his economic and political structures becoming increasingly acute, Mikhail Gorbachev embarked on major reforms that led to the overthrow of the Communist Party and the disintegration of the USSR, leaving Russia to itself and marking the beginning of the history of post-Soviet Russia.
The Russian Federation began in January 1992 as the legal successor to the USSR.
Russia retained its nuclear arsenal but lost its superpower status.
Discarding socialist central planning and state ownership of socialist-era property, the new leaders, led by President Vladimir Putin, seized political and economic power after 2000 and engaged in vigorous foreign policy.
Russia's recent annexation of the Crimea has led to severe economic sanctions imposed by the United States and the European Union.

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